Climate change in Vietnam: Relations between the government and the media in the period 2000-2013
Keywords:
case studies, climate change, climate change adaptation, environmental reporting, independent reporting, journalism, media freedom, newspapers, Vietnam
Abstract
Vietnam is fifth in the hierarchy of countries likely to be severely impacted by climate change. Since 2007 there has been a major expansion of reporting and discussion of this issue in Vietnamese news media. This article reports on a research study of climate change coverage from 2000 to 2013 in four major news outlets: Vietnam Television (VTV), Tuoi Tre newspaper, Nhan Dan newspaper and VnExpress. It found considerable variation on the content and temporal spread of coverage, but also some interesting commonalities, in particular an unusually prominent role for NGOs as sources. There is currently a unity of purpose in the Vietnamese government’s approach to this issue at the moment. In other environmental issues, the major factor affecting government latitude for independent reporting has been the unity or conflict within government on the matter. Where there has been no conflict there has been considerable latitude for journalists to take initiatives in independent reporting, expand the field of media independence and in the process develop their own capital and professional capacities. Thus far in climate change reporting journalists have not taken advantage of this opportunity, but if the scientific predictions of catastrophic impacts are valid, the social, economic and political effects will be major, posing strong challenges to Vietnamese journalists.
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References
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USAID. (2015). Climate change cooperation. Retrieved on August 15, 2014, from https://www.usaid.gov/vi/gsearch/H%25E1%25BB%25A2P%2BT%25C3%2581C%2BV%25E1%25BB%2580%2BBI%25E1%25BA%25BEN%2B%25C4%2590%25E1%25BB%2594I%2BKH%25C3%258D%2BH%25E1%25BA%25ACU
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World Bank. (2011). Vulnerability, risk reduction, and adaptation to climate change. Viet Nam: The World Bank Group.
World Bank. (2014). Scaling up rural sanitation, investing in the next generation, children grow taller, and smarter, in rural, mountainous villages of Vietnam where community members use improved sanitation. Retrieved on May 21, 2015, from
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/12/23837851/scaling-up-rural-sanitation-investing-next-generation-children-grow-taller-smarter-rural-mountainous-villages-vietnam-community-members-use-improved-sanitation
Bourdieu, P., & Wacquant, L. J. D. (1992). An invitation to reflexive sociology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Bourdieu, P. (1998). On television. New York: New Press.
CCBC. (2010). Media strategy on climate change. Hanoi: CCBC.
CCWG. (2009). Project proposal: Capacity building on climate change for civil society organisations. Project submitted to embassy of Finland. NGO Climate Change Working Group, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Copsey, T., Nguyen, Y., & Pham, P. H. (2013). Vietnam: How the people of Vietnam live with climate change and what communication can do. Retrieved on November 3, 2013, from www.asiapacificadapt.net/resource/vietnam-how-people-vietnam-live-climate-change-and-what-communication-can-do
CPV. (2011). Resolution the XI National Congress of Communist Party of Vietnam. Hanoi: Communist Party of Vietnam. Retrieved November 23, 2013, from www.chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portal/chinhphu/NuocCHXHCNVietNam/ThongTinTongHop/noidungvankiendaihoidang?categoryId=10000716&articleId=10038365.
DARA. (2012). DARA and the climate vulnerable forum: Climate Vulnerability Monitor—A guide to the cold calculus of a hot planet. Spain: Estudios Grá cos Europeos, S.A.
Dung, P. H. (2008). Climate change coverage by the Vietnamese media. Retrieved on May 22, 2013, from www.earthjournalism.org
Huong, P.T.T., Ninh, N.H., Ngoc, T.T.K. (2009). Impacts of climate change to sustainable development. Retrieved on March 21, 2014, from https://translate.google.com/?hl=vi#vi/en/T%C3%81C%20%C4%90%E1%BB%98NG%20C%E1%BB%A6A%20BI%E1%BA%BEN%20%C4%90%E1%BB%94I%20KH%C3%8D%20H%E1%BA%ACU%20%C4%90%E1%BA%BEN%20PH%C3%81T%20TRI%E1%BB%82N%20B%E1%BB%80N%20V%E1%BB%AENG
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MONRE. (2012). Announcement on the conclusion of the minister Cao Duc Phat briefings on the work of August and tasks implemented in September 2012 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. (4341/TB-BNN-VP). Vietnam: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Retrieved on February 21, 2014, from http://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Linh-vuc-khac/Thong-bao-4341-TB-BNN-VP-y-kien-ket-luan-cua-Bo-truong-Cao-Duc-Phat-tai-cuoc-hop-147350.aspx.
Nash, C. (2016). What is Journalism? The art and politics of a rupture. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
OXFAM. (2014). Harmless harvest: How sustainable agriculture can help ASEAN countries adapt to a changing climate. OXFAM.
Pham, B. D. (2017). The changing relationship between the government and the media in Vietnam with respect to reporting on the environment in the period 2000–2013. Unpublished doctoral thesis, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia. DOI: 10.4225/03/58a29d0bcc5b2
Prime Minister. (2008). Approve the national target programme to cope with climate change. (158/2008/QĐ-TTg). Hanoi: Government. Retrieved on May 24, 2014, from http://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Tai-nguyen-Moi-truong/Quyet-dinh-158-2008-QD-TTg-phe-duyet-Chuong-trinh-muc-tieu-quoc-gia-ung-pho-voi-bien-doi-khi-hau-82256.aspx.
RECOFTC. (2014). Community forestry adaptation roadmap to 2020 for Vietnam. Available online: http://rightslinklao.org/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2014/11/Vietnam_Maproad_2014OCT01_low-Res.pdf
Reid, J. C. (2008). Rapid assessment of the extent and impact of sea level rise in Viet Nam. (P.-J. Meynell Ed.). Kimdo Design, Hanoi, Viet Nam: ICEM—International Centre for Environmental Management, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia.
Reid, H., Ampomah, G., Prera, M. I. O., Rabbani, G. & Zvigadza, S. (2012). Southern voices on climate policy choices. Analysis of and lessons learned from civil society advocacy on climate change. London, UK: International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED).
Sterrett, C. L. (2015). Final evaluation of the climate smart community based disaster risk reduction project in Vietnam. Retrieved on August 11, 2015, from http://reliefweb.int/report/viet-nam/final-evaluation-climate-smart-community-based-disaster-risk-reduction-project
Thayer, C. A. (2009a). Vietnam and the challenge of political civil society. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 31(1), 1-27.
Thuy, P. T., Moeliono, M., Hien, N. T., Tho, N. H., & Hien, V. T. (2012). The context of REDD+ in Vietnam drivers, agents and institutions (CIFOR Ed.). Bogor, Indonesia.: CIFOR.
USAID. (2015). Climate change cooperation. Retrieved on August 15, 2014, from https://www.usaid.gov/vi/gsearch/H%25E1%25BB%25A2P%2BT%25C3%2581C%2BV%25E1%25BB%2580%2BBI%25E1%25BA%25BEN%2B%25C4%2590%25E1%25BB%2594I%2BKH%25C3%258D%2BH%25E1%25BA%25ACU
Vien, T. D. (2011). Climate change and its impact on agriculture In Vietnam. ISSAAS, 17(1), 17-21.
VTV (Writer) & News and Current Affairs (Director). (2000). Germany: UN Conference on Climate Change and the agreement on the Kyoto Protocol. Germany.
Webb, J., Schirato, T., & Danaher, G. (2002). Understanding Bourdieu. Sydney, Australia: Allen & Unwin.
World Bank. (2011). Vulnerability, risk reduction, and adaptation to climate change. Viet Nam: The World Bank Group.
World Bank. (2014). Scaling up rural sanitation, investing in the next generation, children grow taller, and smarter, in rural, mountainous villages of Vietnam where community members use improved sanitation. Retrieved on May 21, 2015, from
http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2014/12/23837851/scaling-up-rural-sanitation-investing-next-generation-children-grow-taller-smarter-rural-mountainous-villages-vietnam-community-members-use-improved-sanitation
Published
21-07-2017
How to Cite
Pham, B. D., & Nash, C. (2017). Climate change in Vietnam: Relations between the government and the media in the period 2000-2013. Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa, 23(1), 96-111. https://doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v23i1.213
Section
Articles
Copyright (c) 2017 Binh Duong Pham, Chris Nash
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
