Ngā Mātāpuna me ngā Tikanga I tuku iho I te ao Māori – Māori principles of Inter-generational knowledge transmission

Abstract

This presentation examines the critical role of tikanga (protocols and practices) and Mātāpuna (values) in the transmission of knowledge across generations within Māori communities. Key practices, such as whakawhanaungatanga (relationship building) and pepeha (a formal introduction model), serve as essential mechanisms for embedding and passing on cultural knowledge. A pepeha, far beyond a mere introduction, provides a detailed narrative of the individual’s connections to the whenua (land), maunga (mountains), moana (lakes), awa (rivers), and tai ao (environment), framing personal identity within a broader ancestral and geographical context. Whakawhanaungatanga plays a pivotal role in strengthening these relationships, particularly through engagement in traditional practices such as toitoi tuna, toi tuna, and hī tuna (eel fishing). These activities are significant not only for their cultural and environmental engagement but also as a means of reinforcing collective memory and continuity within the whānau (family) and community. Additionally, this presentation highlights the importance of waiata Māori (Māori songs) as a powerful vehicle for intergenerational knowledge transmission. Waiata carries embedded cultural values and narratives, linking individuals to their heritage, environment, and spiritual beliefs. By examining the use of waiata as a method for conveying cultural knowledge, this presentation will offer insights into the broader role of tikanga and Mātāpuna in maintaining and sustaining Māori knowledge systems. In doing so, the presentation aims to shed light on how these traditional practices and values continue to shape and preserve Māori identity and knowledge across generations.