As Narrativas Māui: da bowdlerização, deslocamento e infantilização à veracidade, uma abordagem orientada pela prática maori
Resumo
Em Aotearoa, Nova Zelândia, como consequência da colonização, gerações de maoris foram alienadas de sua língua e cultura. Esse projeto aproveitou uma reconsideração artística do pūrākau (histórias tradicionais), de modo que as histórias anteriormente fragmentadas ou apagadas relacionadas ao Māui-tikitiki-a-Taranga foram orquestradas em uma rede narrativa coerente. Contar histórias não é o mesmo que ler uma história em voz alta ou recitar uma peça de memória. Ela também difere do teatro, embora compartilhe certas características com todas essas formas de arte. Como contador de histórias, eu olho nos olhos do público e nós dois construímos um mundo virtual. Juntos, o ouvinte e o contador compõem a história. O contador de histórias usa a voz, a pausa e o gesto; o ouvinte, desde o primeiro momento, absorve, reage e cocria. Para cada um, o pūrākau é único. As imagens de suas histórias são diferentes. A experiência pode ser profunda, exercitando o pensamento e a transformação emocional. Na concepção de 14 episódios da narrativa Māui, foram feitas conexões entre imagens, sons e a ressonância da narrativa oral tradicional. O Māui pūrākau resultante funciona não apenas para reviver a beleza do te reo Māori, mas também para ressurgir os valores tradicionais que estão embutidos nessas histórias antigas. A apresentação contribui para o conhecimento por meio de três pontos distintos. Primeiro, ela apoia a revitilização do idioma empregando palavras, frases e karakia antigos que são ouvidos. Assim, encontramos o idioma expresso não em sua forma escrita neutra, mas em relação ao tom, à pausa, ao ritmo, à pronúncia e ao contexto. Em segundo lugar, ele conecta as narrativas Māui em um todo coeso. Ao fazer isso, ele também usa o whakapapa para fazer conexões e fornecer significado e cronologia dentro e entre os episódios. Em terceiro lugar, eleva o pūrākau além do nível de simples histórias infantis. A inclusão do karakia reforça que esses encantamentos são, de fato, textos sagrados. Ricos em linguagem antiga, eles nos dão vislumbres de epistemologias antigas. Apreciando esse estado elevado, podemos entender como esses pūrākau lidavam com questões humanas e sociais complexas, incluindo aborto, estupro, incesto, assassinato, amor, desafio às hierarquias tradicionais, o poder das mulheres e a sacralidade do conhecimento e do ritual. Por fim, a apresentação considera, tanto na teoria quanto na prática, o processo de bowdlerização intergeracional. Traduzido com www.DeepL.com/Translator (versão gratuita)
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