HIV/AIDS discrimination of men who have sex with men in low- and middle-income developing countries: a qualitative systematic review

Abstract

Men who have sex with men (MSM) are a high-risk group in relation to the virus HIV/AIDS. Stigma and discrimination are barriers faced by MSM limiting the effects of sexual health programmes in low- and middle-income countries. This small-scale review aims to develop understanding of research about MSM’s experiences of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and social discrimination and strategies to tackle HIV/AIDS-related stigma and social discrimination. Seven papers were selected for indepth review from CINALH, MEDLINE and Google Scholar. Thematic analysis was used for data synthesis. Sexuality-related stigma and discrimination were presented in the studies from individual, community, structural and political levels. Amongst other issues the papers described peer and parent attitudes leading to MSM migrating and engaging in sex commercials. Stigma and discrimination were seen in the field of employment, housing, healthcare services and office enforcement. Stigma and discrimination encouraged MSM to conceal their homosexuality and HIV-positive status. Supporting and enabling environments, education and empowerment were recommended to minimize sociological barriers which impede MSM to access sexual health programmes.