Historical Emergences of Design Thinking in Theory and Practice.
Keywords:
Design thinking, design process, discourse, history, New Zealand, Better by Design, IDEO
Abstract
Design thinking has emerged over the last twenty years as a new way of understanding the process and value of design, as it is applied in practice to assist the processes of other industries and organizations. By envisaging this through a Foucauldian lens, we are able to excavate the strategic ‘gathering’ of sources which act to validate and empower this set of practices as a coherent, historically situated, emergent discourse. This paper identifies the early emergences of the discursive elements of design thinking, and indicates the key validating theories and practices that support it.
References
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Assurity. “Design Thinking: Discover Value and Deliver.” https://assurity.co.nz/services/design-thinking/.
Atkinson, Harriet. The Festival of Britain: A Land and Its People. London: I.B. Taurus, 2012.
AUT. “Design Thinking Minor - Bachelor of Design or Bachelor of Visual Arts.” Auckland University of Technology, https://www.aut.ac.nz/study-at-aut/study-areas/art-and-design-at-aut-university-auckland/undergraduate/design-studies.
Better by Design. “Better by Design: Design Thinking.” https://www.betterbydesign.org.nz/.
Boland, Richard J., Fred Collopy, Kalle Lyytinen, and Youngjin Yoo. “Managing as Designing: Lessons for Organization Leaders from the Design Practice of Frank O. Gehry.” Design Issues 24, no. 1 (2007): 10-25.
Bolland, Richard J., and Fred Collopy, eds. Managing as Designing. Stanford, CA: Standford U.P., 2004.
Bond, Georgina. “Designing a Better Plan for Progress.” New Zealand Herald, 9 November 2004.
Breen, Bill. “Masters of Design.” Fast Company 06.01.04(2004). Published electronically 06.01.04. https://www.fastcompany.com/49167/masters-of-design-2004.
Brown, Tim, and Jocelyn Wyatt. “Design Thinking for Social Innovation.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, no. Winter (2010): 30-35.
Buchanan, Richard. “Wicked Problems in Design Thinking.” Design Issues 8, no. 2 (1992): 5-21.
Collopy, Fred. “Thinking About ‘Design Thinking’.” Fast Company (2009). Published electronically 07.09.09. https://www.fastcompany.com/1306636/thinking-about-design-thinking.
Cross, Nigel. Design Thinking. Oxford, UK: Berg, 2011.
Design Commission. “Restarting Britain 1: Design Education and Growth.” 2012.
Design Council. “Reducing Violence and Aggression in A&E: Through a Better Experience: An Impact Evaluation for the Design Council.” London: Frontier Economics Ltd, 2013.
DesignCo. “The Value of Design to New Zealand.” 2017.
Dunn, David, and Roger Martin. “Design Thinking and How It Will Change Management Education: An Interview and Discussion.” Academy of Management Learning & Education 5, no. 4 (2006): 512-23.
Foucault, Michel. The Archaeology of Knowledge. Translated by A. M. Sheridan-Smith. London: Tavistock, 1972.
———. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. London: Penguin, 1991. 1975.
———. The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of the Medical Profession. Translated by A. M. Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books, a division of Random House, 1994, 1973. Naissance de la Clinique.
Google Ngram. “Ngram: Design Thinking.” Google, https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=design+thinking&year_start=1930&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cdesign%20thinking%3B%2Cc0.
IDEO. “Ideo: About.” https://www.ideo.com/about.
———. “Ideo: Reimaging the Shopping Cart.” https://www.ideo.com/post/reimagining-the-shopping-cart.
IMNZ. “Design Thinking.” The Institute of Management New Zealand, http://www.imnz.co.nz/events/104-design-thinking/.
Johansson-Sköldberg, Ulla, Jill Woodilla, and Mehves Çetinkaya. “Design Thinking: Past, Present and Possible Futures.” Creativity and Innovation Management 22, no. 2 (2013): 121-46.
Konishi, Tania, and Keith Bright. K. Bright: 55 Years in the Life of the Business of Design. Los Angeles: Keith Bright, 2016.
Lawson, Bryan. How Designers Think: The Design Process Demystified. 2nd ed. London: Butterworth Architecture, 1990. 1980.
Leventhal, F.M. “’A Tonic to the Nation’: The Festival of Britain, 1951.” Albion 27, no. 3 (2014): 445-53.
Linked-In. “Linked-in Jobs.” https://www.linkedin.com/jobs/design-thinking-jobs/?country=nz.
Macfie, Rebecca. “Design Thinking as Business Strategy - New Zealand Success Stories.” Noted, no. 04 June (2011). http://www.noted.co.nz/archive/listener-nz-2011/design-thinking-as-business-strategy-new-zealand-success-stories/.
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NZTE. “Our Services: Design Thinking.” https://www.nzte.govt.nz/~/~/link.aspx?_id=F1C84951E4744886AEF52B2880C11701&_z=z.
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Reidy, Madison. “Designers Calculate Billion-Dollar GDP Value.” Stuff (2017). https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/innovation/95393856/designers-calculate-billiondollar-gdp-value.
Rowe, Peter G. Design Thinking. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987.
Schön, Donald. The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. Oxon, UK: Routledge, 2016/1983.
Seek. “Seek Job Search.” Seek, https://www.seek.co.nz/design-thinking-jobs.
Simon, Herbert. The Sciences of the Artificial. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1969/1996.
Strategic Business Insights. “Vals Market Research.” https://www.sri.com/work/timeline-innovation/timeline.php?tag=seminal-innovations - !&innovation=vals-market-research.
Waerder, Benedikt, Sigrid Stinnes, and Oliver Erdenberger. “Design Thinking as Driver for Innovation in the Chemical Industry.” Journal of Business Chemistry 14, no. 2 (2017): 41-50.
Weston, Neville. “The Professional Training of Artists in Australia, 1861-1963, with Special Reference to the South Australian Model.” Doctorate, South Australian School of Art, 1991.
Wren-Hilton, Peter. “NZTE Better by Design Us Study Tour 2013 – Ideo & Stanford.” Wharf42 (2014). http://www.wharf42.co.nz/silicon-valley/nzte-better-design-us-study-tour-2013-ideo-stanford/.
Assurity. “Design Thinking: Discover Value and Deliver.” https://assurity.co.nz/services/design-thinking/.
Atkinson, Harriet. The Festival of Britain: A Land and Its People. London: I.B. Taurus, 2012.
AUT. “Design Thinking Minor - Bachelor of Design or Bachelor of Visual Arts.” Auckland University of Technology, https://www.aut.ac.nz/study-at-aut/study-areas/art-and-design-at-aut-university-auckland/undergraduate/design-studies.
Better by Design. “Better by Design: Design Thinking.” https://www.betterbydesign.org.nz/.
Boland, Richard J., Fred Collopy, Kalle Lyytinen, and Youngjin Yoo. “Managing as Designing: Lessons for Organization Leaders from the Design Practice of Frank O. Gehry.” Design Issues 24, no. 1 (2007): 10-25.
Bolland, Richard J., and Fred Collopy, eds. Managing as Designing. Stanford, CA: Standford U.P., 2004.
Bond, Georgina. “Designing a Better Plan for Progress.” New Zealand Herald, 9 November 2004.
Breen, Bill. “Masters of Design.” Fast Company 06.01.04(2004). Published electronically 06.01.04. https://www.fastcompany.com/49167/masters-of-design-2004.
Brown, Tim, and Jocelyn Wyatt. “Design Thinking for Social Innovation.” Stanford Social Innovation Review, no. Winter (2010): 30-35.
Buchanan, Richard. “Wicked Problems in Design Thinking.” Design Issues 8, no. 2 (1992): 5-21.
Collopy, Fred. “Thinking About ‘Design Thinking’.” Fast Company (2009). Published electronically 07.09.09. https://www.fastcompany.com/1306636/thinking-about-design-thinking.
Cross, Nigel. Design Thinking. Oxford, UK: Berg, 2011.
Design Commission. “Restarting Britain 1: Design Education and Growth.” 2012.
Design Council. “Reducing Violence and Aggression in A&E: Through a Better Experience: An Impact Evaluation for the Design Council.” London: Frontier Economics Ltd, 2013.
DesignCo. “The Value of Design to New Zealand.” 2017.
Dunn, David, and Roger Martin. “Design Thinking and How It Will Change Management Education: An Interview and Discussion.” Academy of Management Learning & Education 5, no. 4 (2006): 512-23.
Foucault, Michel. The Archaeology of Knowledge. Translated by A. M. Sheridan-Smith. London: Tavistock, 1972.
———. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. London: Penguin, 1991. 1975.
———. The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of the Medical Profession. Translated by A. M. Sheridan. New York: Vintage Books, a division of Random House, 1994, 1973. Naissance de la Clinique.
Google Ngram. “Ngram: Design Thinking.” Google, https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=design+thinking&year_start=1930&year_end=2008&corpus=15&smoothing=3&share=&direct_url=t1%3B%2Cdesign%20thinking%3B%2Cc0.
IDEO. “Ideo: About.” https://www.ideo.com/about.
———. “Ideo: Reimaging the Shopping Cart.” https://www.ideo.com/post/reimagining-the-shopping-cart.
IMNZ. “Design Thinking.” The Institute of Management New Zealand, http://www.imnz.co.nz/events/104-design-thinking/.
Johansson-Sköldberg, Ulla, Jill Woodilla, and Mehves Çetinkaya. “Design Thinking: Past, Present and Possible Futures.” Creativity and Innovation Management 22, no. 2 (2013): 121-46.
Konishi, Tania, and Keith Bright. K. Bright: 55 Years in the Life of the Business of Design. Los Angeles: Keith Bright, 2016.
Lawson, Bryan. How Designers Think: The Design Process Demystified. 2nd ed. London: Butterworth Architecture, 1990. 1980.
Leventhal, F.M. “’A Tonic to the Nation’: The Festival of Britain, 1951.” Albion 27, no. 3 (2014): 445-53.
Linked-In. “Linked-in Jobs.” https://www.linkedin.com/jobs/design-thinking-jobs/?country=nz.
Macfie, Rebecca. “Design Thinking as Business Strategy - New Zealand Success Stories.” Noted, no. 04 June (2011). http://www.noted.co.nz/archive/listener-nz-2011/design-thinking-as-business-strategy-new-zealand-success-stories/.
Margolin, Victor, ed. Design Discourse: History, Theory, Criticism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989.
Merritt, Jennifer, and Louis Lavelle. “Tomorrow’s B-School? It Might Be a D-School.” Businessweek, no. August 1 (2005): 80-81.
Nussbaum, Bruce. “Design Thinking Is a Failed Experiment. So What’s Next?” Co.Design (2011). https://www.fastcodesign.com/1663558/design-thinking-is-a-failed-experiment-so-whats-next.
NZTE. “Our Services: Design Thinking.” https://www.nzte.govt.nz/~/~/link.aspx?_id=F1C84951E4744886AEF52B2880C11701&_z=z.
Østergaard, Thomas. “History of Ideo + Design Thinking.” Prezi, https://prezi.com/qb2b9gvow4rc/history-of-ideo-design-thinking-2/.
Reidy, Madison. “Designers Calculate Billion-Dollar GDP Value.” Stuff (2017). https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/innovation/95393856/designers-calculate-billiondollar-gdp-value.
Rowe, Peter G. Design Thinking. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1987.
Schön, Donald. The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. Oxon, UK: Routledge, 2016/1983.
Seek. “Seek Job Search.” Seek, https://www.seek.co.nz/design-thinking-jobs.
Simon, Herbert. The Sciences of the Artificial. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 1969/1996.
Strategic Business Insights. “Vals Market Research.” https://www.sri.com/work/timeline-innovation/timeline.php?tag=seminal-innovations - !&innovation=vals-market-research.
Waerder, Benedikt, Sigrid Stinnes, and Oliver Erdenberger. “Design Thinking as Driver for Innovation in the Chemical Industry.” Journal of Business Chemistry 14, no. 2 (2017): 41-50.
Weston, Neville. “The Professional Training of Artists in Australia, 1861-1963, with Special Reference to the South Australian Model.” Doctorate, South Australian School of Art, 1991.
Wren-Hilton, Peter. “NZTE Better by Design Us Study Tour 2013 – Ideo & Stanford.” Wharf42 (2014). http://www.wharf42.co.nz/silicon-valley/nzte-better-design-us-study-tour-2013-ideo-stanford/.
Published
2017-12-01
How to Cite
Young, A. (2017). Historical Emergences of Design Thinking in Theory and Practice. Back Story Journal of New Zealand Art, Media & Design History, (3), 45-64. https://doi.org/10.24135/backstory.vi3.28
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Copyright (c) 2017 Alan Young
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