Nevertheless, we persisted: supporting taiohi voice, agency and leadership on climate change in Porirua

  • Conor Twyford University of Canterbury Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9795-9078
  • Wairere Pene Waikato, Ngāti Wairere, Ngāti Maniapoto, Ngāti Raukawa, Ngāpuhi; Papa Taiao EarthCare
  • Orini Rokx-Taratu Ngāti Porou, Ngāti Awa, Ngāpuhi, Samoa
  • Amanda Dobson Enviroschools Te Upoko o te Ika a Māui
  • Michele Whiting Independent consultant
Keywords: climate change, child rights, indigenous climate justice, deliberative democracy, critical literacy, cultural responsiveness

Abstract

Climate change presents an immediate threat for children living today, and a long-term burden for those living now and in the future. In Aotearoa New Zealand, tamariki Māori (Māori children), Pacific children, and children born into poverty are among those most exposed to climate risk. Taiohi (young people) have a right not just to be treated as a vulnerable group in need of protection from its impacts, but as active agents in crafting solutions. Yet, with the exception of the recently released Health National Adaptation Plan, our national climate policies have to date lacked any reference to children’s rights, participation or leadership. Teaching critical literacy and cultural responsiveness, key to understanding issues of identity, values and perspectives, and the drivers of climate change, is simultaneously being rolled back. In the face of these challenges, this article offers a story of hope. Drawing on a case study of a Tiriti (Treaty) based citizen’s climate assembly in Porirua city – the first of its kind in Aotearoa – we document our experience as a group of educators who came together, with little lead time and limited resources, to support and empower young people’s voice and agency in the Porirua Assembly process. Drawing on early findings from the lead author’s doctoral research, we recount the challenges we encountered, actions we took, and the critical role of relationality, creative practice, and culturally congruent ways of working in empowering taiohi voice, agency and leadership. We conclude by considering what may be learnt from our experience to help inform future practice.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Conor Twyford, University of Canterbury Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha

Lead author

Wairere Pene, Waikato, Ngāti Wairere, Ngāti Maniapoto, Ngāti Raukawa, Ngāpuhi; Papa Taiao EarthCare

to be supplied

References

Arts, K. (2019). Children’s rights and climate change. In C. Fenton-Lynn (Ed.), Children’s rights and sustainable development: Interpreting the UNCRC for future generations (pp. 216–235). Cambridge University Press. https://repub.eur.nl/pub/116651/CC-and-CR_2019_final_author-s-mansucript.pdf

Baird, S., Choonara, S., Azzopardi, P. S., Banati, P., Bessant, J., Biermann, O., Capon, A., Claeson, M., Collins, P. Y., De Wet-Billings, N., Dogra, S., Dong, Y., Francis, K. L., Gebrekristos, L. T., Groves, A. K., Hay, S. I., Imbago-Jácome, D., Jenkins, A. P., Kabiru, C. W., … Viner, R. M. (2025). A call to action: the second Lancet Commission on adolescent health and wellbeing. The Lancet. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(25)00503-3

Bakshi, P. (2024, March 6). Porirua’s first social supermarket brings respite to community. Te Ao Māori News. https://www.teaonews.co.nz/2024/03/06/poriruas-first-social-supermarket-brings-respite-to-community/

Bersaglio, B., Enns, C., & Kepe, T. (2015). Youth under construction: The United Nations representations of youth in the global conversation on the post-2015 development agenda. Canadian Journal of Development Studies, 36(1), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2015.994596

Chalupka, S., & Anderko, L. (2019). Climate change and schools: Implications for children’s health and safety. Creative Nursing, 25(3), 249–257. https://doi.org/10.1891/1078-4535.25.3.249

Charters, C., Te Aho, F., & Mason, C. (2022). Thematic Report: The Rights of Tamariki Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand: New Zealand’s Sixth Periodic Review under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=INT%2FCRC%2FIFS%2FNZL%2F51151&Lang=en

Clark, H. (2021). Governments of the world must prioritise children amid climate change. Early Childhood Matters. https://earlychildhoodmatters.online/issues/early-childhood-matters-2021/

Clark, H., Coll-Seck, A. M., Banerjee, A., Peterson, S., Dalglish, S. L., Ameratunga, S., Balabanova, D., Bhan, M. K., Bhutta, Z. A., Borrazzo, J., Claeson, M., Doherty, T., El-Jardali, F., George, A. S., Gichaga, A., Gram, L., Hipgrave, D. B., Kwamie, A., Meng, Q., … Costello, A. (2020). A future for the world’s children? A WHO–UNICEF–Lancet Commission. The Lancet, 395(10224), 605–658. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32540-1

Committee on the Rights of the Child. (2023). Concluding observations on the sixth periodic report of New Zealand. https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CRC%2FC%2FNZL%2FCO%2F6&Lang=en

Eckersley, R., & Gagnon, J.-P. (2014). Representing nature and contemporary democracy. Democratic Theory, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.3167/dt.2014.010105

Exeter, D. J., Crengle, S., Cavadino, A., Greaves, L., Zhao, J., Lee, A., & Browne, M. (2018). The geography of deprivation in New Zealand by electorate. Kotuitui, 13(2), 195–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/1177083X.2018.1530267

Flanagan, C., & Levine, P. (2010). Civic engagement and the transition to adulthood. Future of Children, 20(1), 159–179. https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.0.0043

Ford, T., & Jepsen, B. (2025). The Recolonisation of the Aotearoa New Zealand Curriculum in 2025. https://media.licdn.com/dms/document/media/v2/D561FAQFX3hBoc8BUgg/feedshare-document-pdf-analyzed/B56ZjlhuJrHMAc-/0/1756197482016?e=1756944000&v=beta&t=CDQrZf3GRv-m1HpVu4qll3ajyiqssCiVSBER50jnbW4

Freire, P. (2005). Pedagogy of the oppressed (30th anniversary ed. Trans. by Myra Bergman Ramos with an Introduction by Donaldo Macedo). The Continuum International Publishing.

Gibbons, E. D. (2014). Climate change, children’s rights, and the pursuit of intergenerational climate justice. Health and Human Rights, 16(1), 19–31. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/healhumarigh.16.1.19

Gordon, R. (2020, December 2). The Porirua school where every student faces poverty. Newshub. https://www.newshub.co.nz/home/new-zealand/2020/12/the-porirua-school-where-every-student-faces-poverty.html#:~:text=Every%20student%20at%20Daryl%20Aim’s,breakfast%2C%20fruit%2C%20and%20milk.

Grahn-Farley, M. (2022). The human rights claim in climate justice: An argument for reintroducing the principle of anti-discrimination and to strengthening the anti-domination principle when children go to court. Journal of Gender, Race & Justice, 25(2), 439–488. https://ssrn.com/abstract=4339289

Grosse, C., & Mark, B. (2020). A colonized COP: Indigenous exclusion and youth climate justice activism at the United Nations climate change negotiations. Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, 11(3 Special Issue), 146–170. https://doi.org/10.4337/jhre.2020.03.07

Hura, N. A. (2025). Slowing the sun. Bridget Williams Books.

Hayward, B. (2020). Children, citizenship and environment. #SchoolStrike edition. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003000396

IPCC. (2023a). Climate change 2023: Synthesis report. Summary for policymakers (P. Arias, M. Bustamante, I. Elgizouli, G. Flato, M. Howden, C. Méndez-Vallejo, J. J. Pereira, R. Pichs-Madruga, S. K. Rose, Y. Saheb, R. Sánchez Rodríguez, D. Ürge-Vorsatz, C. Xiao, N. Yassaa, J. Romero, J. Kim, E. F. Haites, Y. Jung, R. Stavins, … C. Péan, Eds.). https://doi.org/10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647

IPCC. (2023b). IPCC sixth assessment report (AR6): Overarching frequently asked questions and answers. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/about/frequently-asked-questions/keyfaq3/

Kotzé, L. J., & Knappe, H. (2023). Youth movements, intergenerational justice, and climate litigation in the deep time context of the Anthropocene. Environmental Research Communications, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/acaa21

Li, R. (2025). Policy planning for the youngest children in a warming world: an analysis of ten highly populated countries’ climate action plans. https://ecdan.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Young_Children_in_National_Climate_Plans_KF_Report_FINAL_3-28-2025.pdf

Lister, R. (2008). Inclusive citizenship, gender and poverty: Some implications for education for citizenship. Citizenship Teaching and Learning, 4(1). http://www.citized.info©2008citizED

McMeeking, S., Ratuva, S., & Hayward, B. (2022). Mana Rangatahi: Climate change decision-making. https://deepsouthchallenge.co.nz/research-project/mana-rangatahi/

Ministry of Education (2023). Te Mātaiaho. Link now broken.

https://newzealandcurriculum.tahurangi.education.govt.nz/new-zealand-curriculum-online/new-zealand-curriculum/new-zealand-curriculum-refresh/5637144667.cte-mataiaho

Ministry of Social Development. (2021). United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Sixth periodic report by the government of New Zealand 2021. https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/monitoring/uncroc/reporting/sixth-report/draft-report.pdf

Mitchell, P., Vaughan, K., Fiala, O., Wright, Y., Belperron, C., Goverde, R., Paruzzolo, S., & Cilliers, U. (2021). Born into the climate crisis. Why we must act now to secure children’s rights. https://showyourstripes.info/

Mutu, M., & Jackson, M. (2016). He whakaaro here whakaumu mō Aotearoa. The report of Matike Mai Aotearoa - The independent working group on constitutional transformation. https://matikemai.maori.nz/

New Zealand Government. (2021). Submission under the Paris Agreement. New Zealand’s first Nationally Determined Contribution. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/NDC/2022-06/New%20Zealand%20NDC%20November%202021.pdf

New Zealand Government. (2022a). Towards a productive, sustainable and inclusive economy: Aotearoa New Zealand’s first emissions reduction plan.

New Zealand Government. (2022b). Urutau, ka taurikura: Kia tū pakari a Aotearoa i ngā huringa āhuarangi | Adapt and thrive: Building a climate-resilient New Zealand. Aotearoa New Zealand’s first national adaptation plan. https://environment.govt.nz/assets/publications/climate-change/MFE-AoG-20664-GF-National-Adaptation-Plan-2022-WEB.pdf

New Zealand Government. (2024). Our journey towards net zero. New Zealand’s second emissions reduction plan 2026-30. Tā Aotearoa mahere whakaheke tukunga tuarua. https://environment.govt.nz/assets/publications/climate-change/ERP2/New-Zealands-second-emissions-reduction-plan-202630.pdf

O’Brien, K., Selboe, E., & Hayward, B. M. (2018). Exploring youth activism on climate change: Dutiful, disruptive, and dangerous dissent. Ecology and Society, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-10287-230342

O’Connell, L. K., & Botchwey, N. (2023). Supporting youth participation in health and climate justice through advocacy training: Comment on “Between rhetoric and reality: Learnings from youth participation in the adolescent and youth health policy in South Africa.” International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 12(7898), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2023.7898

OHCHR. (1989). Convention on the Rights of the Child. https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/convention-rights-child

Ora Taiao, & Twyford, C. (2022). Children’s rights in a changing climate. Thematic report to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child 6th periodic review of New Zealand 93rd pre-sessional working group. https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=INT%2FCRC%2FNGO%2FNZL%2F51155&Lang=en

Orange, C. (2023, March 28). Te Tiriti o Waitangi - the Treaty of Waitangi. https://teara.govt.nz/en/te-tiriti-o-waitangi-the-treaty-of-waitangi/print

Parker, L., Mestre, J., Jodoin, S., & Wewerinke-Singh, M. (2022). When the kids put climate change on trial: youth-focused rights-based climate litigation around the world. Journal of Human Rights and the Environment, 13(1), 64–89. https://doi.org/10.4337/jhre.2022.01.03

Pegram, J., & Colon, C. (2020). Are climate change policies child-sensitive? https://www.unicef.org/media/62956/file/Are%20climate%20change%20policies%20child-sensitive?.pdf

Percy-Smith, B., Thomas, N., O’Kane, C., & Twum-Danso Imoh, A. (2023). A handbook of children and young people’s participation. Conversations for transformational change. 2nd edition (B. Percy-Smith, N. Thomas, C. O’Kane, & A. Twum-Danso Imoh, Eds.). Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/A-Handbook-of-Children-and-Young-Peoples-Participation-Conversations-for-Transformational-Change/Percy-Smith-PatrickThomas-OKane-Twum-DansoImoh/p/book/9781032007397

Probasco, L. (2017). Around the world: The rights of children in our changing climate. Children’s Legal Rights Journal, 37, 257–259. https://lawecommons.luc.edu/clrj/vol37/iss2/6/

Statistics NZ. (2024). Porirua City. https://www.stats.govt.nz/tools/2018-census-place-summaries/porirua-city

The Lancet. (2024). Child-centred climate action cannot wait. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, 8(7), 467. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00135-4

Thew, H., Middlemiss, L., & Paavola, J. (2021). Does youth participation increase the democratic legitimacy of UNFCCC-orchestrated global climate change governance? Environmental Politics, 30(6), 873–894. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2020.1868838

Thiery, W., Lange, S., Rogelj, J., Schleussner, C. F., Gudmundsson, L., Seneviratne, S. I., Andrijevic, M., Frieler, K., Emanuel, K., Geiger, T., Bresch, D. N., Zhao, F., Willner, S. N., Büchner, M., Volkholz, J., Bauer, N., Chang, J., Ciais, P., Dury, M., … Wada, Y. (2021). Intergenerational inequities in exposure to climate extremes. Science, 374(6564), 158–160. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abi7339

Thomas, A., Cretney, R., & Hayward, B. (2019). Student Strike 4 Climate: Justice, emergency and citizenship. New Zealand Geographer, 75(2), 96–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/nzg.12229

Thomas, N. (2007). Towards a theory of children’s participation. In International Journal of Children’s Rights (Vol. 15, Issue 2, pp. 199–218). https://doi.org/10.1163/092755607X206489

Tisdall, E. K. M. (2013). The transformation of participation? Exploring the potential of ‘transformative participation’ for theory and practice around children and young people’s participation. Global Studies of Childhood, 3(2), 183–193. https://doi.org/10.2304/gsch.2013.3.2.183

Tobin, J. (2011). Understanding a human rights based approach to matters involving children: Conceptual foundations and strategic considerations. In The human rights of children (pp. 61–98). Routledge. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/canterbury/detail.action?docID=679217.

Todres, J. (2023). Youth voice matters: The critical nature of youth participation In achieving the Right to a healthy environment. Northeastern University Law Review, 15(2), 763–777. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4441181

Treichel, P. (2020). Why focus on children: A literature review of child-centred climate change adaptation approaches. Australian Journal of Emergency Management, 31(4).

UN Committee on the Rights of the Child. (2023). General comment No. 26 (2023) on children’s rights and the environment, with a special focus on climate change. https://tbinternet.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/treatybodyexternal/Download.aspx?symbolno=CRC%2FC%2FGC%2F26&Lang=en

UNICEF. (2019). An environment fit for children: UNICEF’s approach to climate change (Issue September). https://www.unicef.org/documents/environment-fit-children-unicefs-approach-climate-change

UNICEF. (2021). The climate crisis is a child rights crisis. https://www.unicef.org/reports/climate-crisis-child-rights-crisis

UNICEF. (2022). The coldest year of the rest of their lives. Protecting children from the escalating impacts of heatwaves. https://www.unicef.org/media/129506/file/UNICEF-coldest-year-heatwaves-and-children-EN.pdf

UNICEF. (2024). Policy briefing: SB60 & the Expert Dialogue on children and climate change. https://www.unicef.org/media/156661/file/UNICEF%20Policy%20Briefing-SB60%20and%20Expert%20Dialogue%20on%20Children.pdf

UNICEF. (2025). Innocenti report card 19. Child well-being in an unpredictable world. https://unicef-nz.cdn.prismic.io/unicef-nz/aCO_OCdWJ-7kSCq__UNICEF-Innocenti-Report-Card-19-Child-Wellbeing-Unpredictable-World-2025.pdf

United Nations. (2007a). Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Ch_IV_15.pdf

United Nations. (2007b). United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/wp-content/uploads/sites/19/2018/11/UNDRIP_E_web.pdf

United Nations. (2024). Pact for the Future, Global Digital Compact and Declaration on Future Generations. https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/sotf-pact_for_the_future_adopted.pdf

van Dijk, N. (2021). From exacerbating the Anthropocene’s problems to intergenerational justice: An analysis of the communication procedure of the human rights treaty system. Earth System Governance, 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2021.100123

Verlie, B., & Blom, S. M. (2022). Education in a changing climate: reconceptualising school and classroom climate through the fiery atmos-fears of Australia’s Black summer. Children’s Geographies, 20(5), 618–632. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2021.1948504

Published
2025-12-11
How to Cite
Twyford, C., Pene, W., Rokx-Taratu, O., Dobson, A., & Whiting, M. (2025). Nevertheless, we persisted: supporting taiohi voice, agency and leadership on climate change in Porirua. New Zealand Journal of Teachers’ Work, 22(2), 150-177. https://doi.org/10.24135/teacherswork.v22i2.678
Section
Special Topic