COVID-19: Experiences and strategies of secondary school counsellors in the 2021 Auckland lockdown.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24135/nzjc.v42i1.5Keywords:
school counsellor, secondary school students, lockdown, COVID-19, counselling strategiesAbstract
This article reports the findings from a facilitated peer group discussion among secondary school counsellors on 4 October 2021 during the most prolonged lockdown in Auckland since the worldwide COVID-19 outbreak. With the first author as facilitator, four participants (co-authors of this paper) discussed the psychosocial effect of the lockdown on the wellbeing of secondary school students. These included increased anxiety and constant low mood, issues related to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the use of devices for education and communication, complex dynamics at home, and the different challenges and demands on counsellors that resulted from these effects. The participants also shared counselling strategies they had used in lockdown to work as effectively as possible for their clients. These included intentional therapeutic approaches that were flexible and creative, resilience building, and collaboration with the wider community of care. The counsellors also reflected on their selfcare strategies to prevent burnout and the silver linings they perceived from COVID-19.
References
Aguiar, J., Matias, M., Braz, A. C., César, F., Coimbra, S., Gaspar, M. F., & Fontaine, A. M. (2021). Parental burnout and the COVID-19 pandemic: How Portuguese parents experienced lockdown measures. Family Relations, 70(4), 927–938. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12558
Anderson, M. (2018). Nearly one-in-five teens can’t always finish their homework because of the digital divide. Pew Research Centre. https://internet.psych.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/532-Master/532-UnitPages/Unit-11/Anderson_ Pew_2018.pdf
Asanov, I. (2021). Remote-learning, time-use, and mental health of Ecuadorian High-School students during the COVID-19 quarantine. World Development, 138(2021), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. worlddev.2020.105225
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how
to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
Calvano, C., Engelke, L., Di Bella, J., Kindermann, J., Renneberg, B., & Winter, S. M. (2021). Families in the COVID-19 pandemic: Parental stress, parent mental health and the occurrence of adverse childhood experiences – Results of a representative survey in Germany. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01816-4
Cerović, T. K., Mićić, K., & Vračar, S. (2021). A leap to the digital era: What are lower and upper secondary school students’ experiences of distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic in Serbia? European Journal of Psychology of Education, 2021, 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-021-00556-y
Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (2008). Collecting and interpreting qualitative materials. Sage.
Falicov, C., Niño, A., & D’Urso, S. (2020). Expanding possibilities: Flexibility and solidarity with under-resourced immigrant families during the COVID-19 pandemic. Family Process, 59(3), 865–882. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12578
Feinberg, M. E., Mogle, J. A., Lee, J., Tornello, S. L., Hostetler, M. L., Cifelli, J. A., Bai, S., & Hotez, E. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on parent, child, and family functioning. Family Process. 2021, 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12649
Gassman-Pines, A., Ananat, E. O., & Fitz-Henley II, J. (2020). COVID-19 and parent–child psychological wellbeing. Paediatrics, 146(4), 1–23.
https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-007294
Guest, G., MacQueen, K. M., & Namey, E. E. (2012). Applied thematic analysis. Sage.
Halldorsdottir, T., Thorisdottir, I. E., Meyers, C. C. A., Asgeirsdottir, B. B., Kristjansson, A. L., Valdimarsdottir, H. B., Allegrante, J. P., & Sigfusdottir, I. D. (2021). Adolescent wellbeing amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Are girls struggling more than boys? JCPP Advances, 1(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcv2.12027
Hennink, M., Hutter, I., & Bailey, A. (2011). Qualitative research methods. Sage.
Hiraoka, D., & Tomoda, A. (2020). Relationship between parenting stress and school closures due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 74(9), 497–498. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13088
Hoffman, J. A., & Miller, E. A. (2020). Addressing the consequences of school closure due to COVID-19 on children’s physical and mental wellbeing. World Medical and Health Policy, 12(3), 300–310. https://doi.org/10.1002/wmh3.365
Imran, N., Aamer, I., Sharif, M. I., Bodla, Z. H., & Naveed, S. (2020). Psychological burden of quarantine in children and adolescents: A rapid systematic review and proposed solutions. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 36(5), 1106–1116. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.5.3088
Inchausti, F., MacBeth, A., Hasson-Ohayon, I., & Dimaggio, G. (2020). Telepsychotherapy in the age of COVID-19: A commentary. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 30(2), 394–405. https://doi.org/10.1037/int0000222
Ioane, J., Knibbs, C., & Tudor, K. (2021). The challenge of security and accessibility: Critical perspectives on the rapid move to online therapies in the age of COVID-19. Psychotherapy and Politics International, 19(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppi.1581
Joshi, A., Tammana, S., Babre, T., & Kallianpur, R. (2021). Psychosocial response to COVID-19 pandemic in India: Helpline counsellors’ experiences and perspectives. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 21(1), 19–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12378
Karvounides, D., Marzouk, M., Ross, A. C., VanderPluym, J. H., Pettet, C., Ladak, A., Ziplow, J., Patterson Gentile, C., Turner, S., Anto, M., Barmherzig, R., Chadehumbe, M., Kalkbrenner, J., Malavolta, C. P., Clementi, M. A., Gerson, T., & Szperka, C. L. (2021). The intersection of COVID-19, school, and headaches: Problems and solutions. The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 61(1), 190–201. https://doi.org/10.1111/head.14038
Kerr, M. L., Huynh, T., Botto, I., Kim, C. N., & Fanning, K. A. (2021). Parents’ self-reported psychological impacts of COVID-19: Associations with parental burnout, child behavior, and income. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 46(10), 1162–1171. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsab089
Khan, M., Welser, H. T., Cisneros, C., Manatong, G., & Idris, I. K. (2020). Digital inequality in Appalachian Ohio: Understanding how demographics, internet access, and skills can shape vital information use (VIU). Telematics and Informatics, 50(101380), 1–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101380
Kim, L. E., & Asbury, K. (2020). “Like a rug had been pulled from under you”: The impact of COVID-19 on teachers in England during the first six weeks of the UK lockdown. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 90(4), 1062– 1083. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12381
Mazza, C., Ricci, E., Biondi, S., Colasanti, M., Ferracuti, S., Napoli, C., & Roma, P. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Italian people during the COVID-19 pandemic: Immediate psychological responses and associated factors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093165
MacMullin, K., Jerry, P., & Cook, K. (2020). Psychotherapist experiences with telepsychotherapy: Pre COVID-19 lessons for a post COVID-19 world. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 30(2), 248–264. https://doi.org/10.1037/int0000213
New Zealand Association of Counsellors (2020). Code of ethics: A framework for ethical practice (2002, revised 2020). https://www.nzac.org.nz/assets/Ethics/ NZAC-Code-of-Ethics-2002-Revised-2020.pdf.
Pattison, K. L., Hoke, A. M., Schaefer, E. W., Alter, J., & Sekhar, D. L. (2021). National survey of school employees: COVID-19, school reopening, and student wellness. The Journal of School Health, 91(5), 376–383. https://doi. org/10.1111/josh.13010
Pelikan, E. R., Luftenegger, M., Holzer, J., Korlat, S., Spiel, C., & Schober, B. (2021). Learning during COVID-19: The role of self-regulated learning, motivation, and procrastination for perceived competence. Z Erziehungswiss, 24, 393–418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-021-01002-x
Perrin, E. C., Leslie, L. K., & Boat, T. (2016). Parenting as primary prevention. JAMA Pediatrics, 170(7), 637–638.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.0225
Poletti, B., Tagini, S., Brugnera, A., Parolin, L., Pievani, L., Ferrucci, R., Compare, A., & Silani, V. (2020). Telepsychotherapy: A leaflet for psychotherapists in the age of COVID-19. A review of the evidence. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 34(3-4) 352-367. https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2020.1769557
Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: Implications and policy recommendations. General Psychiatry, 33(2), 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213
Rogers, C. (1951). Client-centred therapy: Its current practice, implications, and theory. Houghton Mifflin.
Selekman, M. D. (2021). COVID-19 as a transformative opportunity for families and therapists: Harnessing the possibilities that constraints offer us. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 42(1), 70–83. https://doi.org/10.1002/anzf.1437
Singh, S., Roy, D., Sinha, K., Parveen, S., Sharma, G., & Joshi, G. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations. Psychiatry Research, 42(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113429
Tomaszek, K., & Muchacka-Cymerman, A. (2020). Thinking about my existence during COVID-19, I feel anxiety and awe: The mediating role of existential anxiety and life satisfaction on the relationship between PTSD symptoms and post-traumatic growth. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197062
UNESCO. (2021, 15 October). Adverse consequences of school closures. UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse/consequences
Usher, K., Bhullar, N., Durkin, J., Gyamfi, N., & Jackson, D. (2020). Family violence and COVID-19: Increased vulnerability and reduced options for support. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 29(4), 549–552. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.12735
Vostanis, P., & Bell, C. A. (2020). Counselling and psychotherapy postCOVID-19. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 20(3), 389–393. https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12325
Wang, G., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhang, J., & Jiang, F. (2020). Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19
outbreak. The Lancet, 395(10228), 945–947. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140- 6736(20)30547-X
Wang, L., Zhang, Y., Chen, L., Wang, J., Jia, F., Li, F., Froehlich, T. E., Hou, Y., Hao, Y., Shi, Y., Deng, H., Zhang, J., Huang, L., Xie, X., Fang, S., Xu, L., Xu, Q., Guan, H., Wang, W., … Li, T. (2021). Psychosocial and behavioral problems of children and adolescents in the early stage of reopening schools after the COVID-19 pandemic: A national cross-sectional study in China. Translational Psychiatry, 11(1), 342–354. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-021-01462-z
Wang, M., Henry, D. A., Toro, J. D., Scanlon, C. L., & Schall, J. D. (2021). COVID-19 employment status, dyadic family relationships, and child psychological wellbeing. Journal of Adolescent Health, 69(5), 705–712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.07.016
World Health Organization. (2020). Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak, 18 March 2020. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331490