The extrinsic and intrinsic motivational approach in continuance intention to use food delivery app

Given the rapid development of mobile technologies and the changes in modern consumption, moderated by the global COVID-19 pandemic, food delivery applications (FDAs) has significantly accelerated the transformation of the food and beverage sector (Chotigo and Kadono, 2021; Kumar, Jain, and Hsieh, 2021). With just a few taps into their smartphone, customers can easily and effectively have a meal from a wide range of restaurants right to their doorstep by using FDA. This sort of application is among the fastest-rising categories of mobile applications (Silva, Dias, and Rodrigues, 2022). The worldwide revenue of FDA is estimated to increase to USD 320 billion by 2029 worldwide (Curry, 2022). The rise of FDA has resulted in new food consumption habits and a change in expectations among consumers (Kumar et al., 2021; Ramos, 2021; Silva et al., 2022).


Introduction
Given the rapid development of mobile technologies and the changes in modern consumption, moderated by the global COVID-19 pandemic, food delivery applications (FDAs) has significantly accelerated the transformation of the food and beverage sector (Chotigo & Kadono, 2021;Kumar, Jain, & Hsieh, 2021).With just a few taps into their smartphone, customers can easily and effectively have a meal from a wide range of restaurants right to their doorstep by using FDA.This sort of application is among the fastest-rising categories of mobile applications (Silva, Dias, & Rodrigues, 2022).The worldwide revenue of FDA is estimated to increase to USD 320 billion by 2029 worldwide (Curry, 2022).The rise of FDA has 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 107 resulted in new food consumption habits and a change in expectations among consumers (Kumar et al., 2021;Ramos, 2021;Silva et al., 2022).
However, despite the explosive growth after the pandemic, delivery platforms face challenges in building a stable customer base and generating profits.Consumers nowadays are becoming less loyal to a single FDA provider because of the homogeneity among FDA platforms (J.Wang, Shen, Huang, & Liu, 2021).Since there is almost no difference in the features of the same product on different service providers, customers tend to hop between apps to find the best options or faster delivery.To break this deadlock, the drivers that encourage consumers' stickiness toward the FDA, especially after the pandemic, are essential to understanding.
Besides, while previous studies have predominantly focused more on extrinsic motives, such as usefulness, for technology use by using the technology acceptance model (Al Amin et al., 2020;Silva et al., 2022) or unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (Agarwal & Sahu, 2022;Lee, Sung, & Jeon, 2019;Ramos, 2021;Zanetta et al., 2021), we argue that intrinsic motives are equally critical for the use of FDAs.To better understand the factors that influence the continued use of FDAs, this study integrates both extrinsic and intrinsic service attributes.The extrinsic aspect is conceptualized by three dimensions of the IS success model: system quality, information quality, and service quality.Regarding the intrinsic aspect, our proposed model highlights the importance of emotional attachment to explain why people continue to use FDAs.

Research design, approach and method
To examine these factors, the study utilized a quantitative research approach.The proposed conceptual framework by a quantitative cross-sessional study of 418 FDA users worldwide.
We used pre-validated measurements for the constructs from previous research and adapted them based on the context of the FDAs.Specifically, information quality, system quality and service quality were operationalized with four items borrowed from Wang (2008) and Wang, Tseng, Wang, Shih, and Chan (2019).Emotional attachment is measured by Thomson, MacInnis, and Whan Park (2005).Continuance intention is adapted from Al Amin, Arefin, Alam, Ahammad, and Hoque (2021) and Y.-S.Wang et al. (2019).These items were measured using seven-point Likert scales ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree).The online survey was distributed on the Prolific platform.

Data analysis and findings
The study utilized structural equation modelling (SEM) to test the measurement model and then the structural model.Smart-PLS 4 were employed to conduct the analysis.Various tests were performed to validate the data, including confirmatory factor analysis, reliability, and validity.The research model was confirmed by investigating the significance of path coefficients.The study found that system quality, information quality, and emotional attachment directly significantly influence the continued use of the FDAs.